Hip Dyplasia (HD) - North Richmond Vet Hospital

Understanding The Condition

Hip dysplasia is a common condition in dogs (and occasionally cats) where the hip joint doesn't develop properly, leading to joint instability, discomfort, and arthritis over time. Hip dysplasia affects up to 20–40% of large breed dogs, while in cats, it is less common but can be seen in around 6–12% of some pedigree breeds, such as Maine Coons

Causes

Genetics: Hip dysplasia is often inherited, especially in large and giant dog breeds, where improper joint formation is passed down through generations
Rapid growth: Puppies that grow too quickly - especially when fed energy-dense diets - may experience abnormal development of the hip joint
Excessive exercise at a young age: High-impact activity during puppyhood can put stress on developing joints, contributing to poor joint alignment
Obesity: Carrying excess weight increases strain on the hips, worsening joint instability and accelerating the onset of arthritis

Diagnosis

Physical examination & Orthopaedic Examinations: Your vet will assess your pet’s gait, range of motion, and signs of pain or joint looseness during a hands-on exam. Specific manipulations, such as the Ortolani test in dogs, help detect joint laxity that suggests hip dysplasia.
Radiographs (X-rays): These are the most common diagnostic tool, used to confirm joint abnormalities, assess severity, and monitor progression over time.
Advanced imaging: In some cases, CT or MRI scans may be recommended for more detailed views, especially when planning for surgery or ruling out other issues.

Treatment

Medical Management
- Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the hip joints and slows the progression of arthritis.
- Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medication: NSAIDs and other pain medications help control discomfort and inflammation in the joints.
- Joint supplements: Products containing glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids can support cartilage health and reduce joint stiffness.
- Physiotherapy and controlled exercise: Gentle, regular movement helps maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility without overloading the hips.
- Acupuncture or laser therapy: These complementary therapies may be used to improve mobility and reduce pain in some patients.
Surgical Management
- Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS): A preventative surgery performed in very young puppies to encourage better hip development.
- Double or triple pelvic osteotomy (DPO/TPO): These surgeries realign the hip socket in young dogs with minimal arthritis to improve joint stability.
- Femoral head and neck excision (FHO): The head of the femur is removed to eliminate painful bone-on-bone contact, commonly used in cats or small dogs.
- Total hip replacement (THR): A prosthetic hip joint is implanted to restore full function and relieve pain, often used in larger dogs with advanced disease.

Contact Us

Our goal is to help your pet return to a comfortable, active life as soon as possible.

Need Help? If your pet has suffered an injury or you're concerned about a possible hip dyplasia (HD), contact us.